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Optimization strategy and practice of anti-cavitation performance of medium and low head cooling pump

Publish Time: 2024-11-26
The medium and low head cooling pump plays a key role in many industrial cooling systems, and cavitation problems seriously affect its performance and service life. Therefore, the optimization of anti-cavitation performance is particularly important.

First of all, optimization of the pump inlet design is the basis for improving anti-cavitation performance. Properly increasing the inlet diameter of the pump can reduce the liquid flow rate and reduce the pressure drop caused by excessive flow rate, thus reducing the possibility of cavitation. For example, in some medium and low-lift pumps in large cooling systems, after expanding the inlet diameter by 10% - 20%, the pressure loss at the inlet is significantly reduced. At the same time, the shape of the inlet flow channel is carefully designed to make it smoother and smoother, so as to avoid pressure drop caused by excessive local resistance in the flow channel. The use of advanced CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation technology can accurately predict the pressure distribution in the flow channel during the design stage, optimize the flow channel structure in advance, ensure that liquid enters the pump body smoothly, and effectively reduce cavitation.

Secondly, material selection and surface treatment technology have a key impact on cavitation resistance performance. Choose materials with good cavitation resistance, such as stainless steel, bronze and other alloy materials. These materials have high strength and corrosion resistance and can withstand the impact and corrosion caused by cavitation. In addition, the surface of the flow-passing parts of the pump is specially treated, such as using supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) technology to spray a carbide coating on the surface of the impeller. The high hardness and low roughness of the coating can reduce the damage caused by the collapse of cavitation bubbles. The impact damage on the surface greatly extends the anti-cavitation life of the pump. Practice has proved that under the same working conditions, the degree of cavitation damage of surface-treated impellers is reduced by more than 50% compared with untreated impellers.

Furthermore, reasonable adjustment of operating parameters is also an important means to optimize anti-cavitation performance. Strictly control the inlet pressure of the pump to ensure it is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid. By installing a pressure monitoring device on the inlet pipe of the pump and linking it with the control system, the inlet pressure can be adjusted in real time. At the same time, the pump speed should be set appropriately to avoid cavitation caused by too high a speed causing the liquid pressure in the pump to be too low. For example, in some systems with relatively stable cooling requirements, appropriately reducing the pump speed by 10% - 15% not only reduces the occurrence of cavitation, but also reduces energy consumption. In addition, optimize the flow adjustment method of the pump and adopt gentle adjustment methods such as frequency conversion speed regulation to avoid pressure fluctuations and cavitation caused by sudden changes in flow rate.

Through various strategies and practices such as inlet design optimization, application of material and surface treatment technology, and adjustment of operating parameters, the anti-cavitation performance of medium and low head cooling pumps can be effectively improved. This can not only ensure the stable and efficient operation of the cooling pump, extend its service life and reduce maintenance costs, but also improve the reliability and economy of the entire cooling system, providing strong support for the smooth progress of industrial production.
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